| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja
Cilj je rada pregled recentne znanstvene i stručne literature o primjeni kemijskog fingerprinta u identifikaciji i kontroli kakvoće kompleksnih biljnih uzoraka (droge, biljni pripravci, biljni proizvodi iz skupine dodataka prehrani i kozmetičkih proizvoda, biljni lijekovi) te detaljna studija i kritička rasprava o vrijednosti primjene takvog analitičkog pristupa na odabranim literaturnim primjerima. Cilj je također istaknuti važnost prikladne identifikacije i kontrole kakvoće biljnog materijala koji ulazi u sastav biljnog lijeka kako bi se osigurala njegova kakvoća, djelotvornost i sigurnost primjene.
Materijali i metode
Istraživanja u okviru ovoga rada teorijskog su karaktera i obuhvaćaju detaljan pregled dostupne stručne i znanstvene literature čija je tematika vezana za područje analitike i kontrole kakvoće biljnih droga i gotovih biljnih proizvoda uz pomoć kemijskog fingerprinta. Također su prikupljeni podatci o razvoju regulatornih normi za biljne proizvode. Pretražene su bibliografske baze podataka, kao što su Medline/PubMed, Toxnet, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Elsevier biobase - Current Awareness in Biological Sciences (CABS), EMBASE, EBSCO i druge, uz primjenu ključnih riječi poput: chemical fingerprint, chromatographic fingerprint, quality control of herbal drugs, qualitative and quantitative analysis of herbal drugs, herbal medicines, identification and determination of active components in herbal medicines, phytoequivalence, herbal extracts, regulatory requirements for herbal medicines, herbal drug regulation i sl. Prikupljeni članci kritički su proučeni, s naglaskom na literaturi koja obrađuje
kemijski fingerprint u svrhu identifikacije i kontrole kakvoće složenih biljnih uzoraka: biljnih droga, biljnih pripravaka, različitih skupina biljnih proizvoda te biljnih lijekova.
Rezultati
Rezultati su prikazani kroz analitički i regulatorni aspekt. Detaljan prikaz područja primjene kemijskog fingerprinta u farmaceutskoj analizi daje uvid u značaj spomenutog analitičkog pristupa te ističe njegovu važnost u uspostavi novih standarda kontrole kakvoće biljnih proizvoda. Šira primjena kemijskog fingerprinta u analizi kompleksnih biljnih uzoraka ubrzava i olakšava karakterizaciju takvih proizvoda te pridonosi standardizaciji njihove kvalitete na tržištu. Također, iz predstavljene materije dobiva se kvalitetan uvid u zahtjeve i izazove koji se postavljaju farmaceutskoj analizi biljnih uzoraka, posebice gotovih biljnih proizvoda kompleksnog sastava, kao i u regulativu spomenute skupine proizvoda.
Zaključak
Pregled provedenih istraživanja donosi sistematizirane informacije o ulozi kemijskog fingerprinta u karakterizaciji složenih biljnih uzoraka. Obradom odabranih studija prikazane su prednosti, ali i nedostatci primjene kemijskog fingerprinta u identifikaciji i kontroli kakvoće različitih biljnih uzoraka te predstavljena nova saznanja o vrijednosti i značaju spomenutog analitičkog pristupa za kompleksne biljne uzorke koji ulaze u sastav različitih skupina biljnih proizvoda prisutnih na svjetskom tržištu. Također, prikaz postojećeg stanja regulative u tom području omogućuje uvid u nedostatke aktualnih službenih propisa i ukazuje na potrebne mjere i poboljšanja. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives
The aim of the paper is to review the recent scientific and professional literature on the application of the chemical fingerprints in the identification and quality control of complex plant samples (drugs, herbal preparations, herbal products – dietary supplements and cosmetic products, herbal medicinal products), as well as the detailed study and critical discussion on the value of applying such analytical approach to selected literature examples. The aim is also to emphasize the importance of proper identification and quality control of the plant material to ensure the quality, efficacy and safety of the related herbal medicinal product.
Materials and methods
Research in this paper is a theoretical one and includes a detailed overview of the available professional and scientific literature. Themes are related to the field of analytical and quality control of herbal material and herbal medicinal products with the help of a chemical fingerprints. Data on the development of regulatory standards for herbal products were also collected. Bibliographic databases such as Medline/PubMed, Toxnet, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Elsevier biobase - Current Awareness in Biological Sciences (CABS), EMBASE, EBSCO and others are searched with key words such as: chemical fingerprint, chromatographic fingerprint, quality control of herbal drugs, qualitative and quantitative analysis of herbal drugs, herbal medicines, identification and determination of active components in herbal medicines, phytoequivalence, herbal extracts, regulatory requirements for herbal medicines, herbal drug regulation etc. The collected articles were critically examined, focusing on the literature that deals with chemical fingerprint for the purpose of identification and quality control of the of complex plant samples i.e. drugs, herbal preparations, and various herbal medicinal products.
Results
The results are presented through an analytical and regulatory aspect. A detailed description of the field of application of chemical fingerprints in the pharmaceutical analysis provides an insight into the significance of this analytical approach and highlights its importance in the establishment of new standards for the quality control of herbal products. The widespread use of chemical fingerprints in the analysis of complex plant specimens accelerates and facilitates the characterization of such products and contributes to the standardization of their quality on the market. Also, the presented study provides a good insight into the demands and challenges posed by the pharmaceutical analysis of plant specimens, particularly various plant products with complex composition, as well as in the regulation of the mentioned group of products.
Conclusion
Overview of the research brings systematized information on the role of chemical fingerprint in the characterization of complex plant samples. The selected studies show the advantages and disadvantages of a chemical fingerprint in the identification and quality control of different plant samples and present new findings about the value and importance of such an analytical approach to complex plant material present in different groups of herbal products. Also, an overview of the current regulatory situation in this area provides insight into the shortcomings of current official regulations and points to the necessary measures and improvements. |
