Učinci različitih oblika posta na neke aspekte ljudskog zdravlja

master's thesis

• Title (english): Effects of various forms of fasting on some aspects of human health
• Author: Tomislav Kaurloto
• Mentor: Dubravka Vitali Čepo (mentor)
• Committee member: Dubravka Vitali Čepo (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lovorka Vujić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Petra Turčić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of food chemistry); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-07-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Post predstavlja praksu staru koliko i ljudska vrsta. Stoga je ljudski organizam razvio mehanizme prilagodbe na razdoblja nedostatka makronutrijenata. Ona su danas rijetkost te je broj oboljelih od metaboličkog sindroma, neurodegenerativnih bolesti i raka u stalnom porastu. S ishodištem u religijskim praksama, različiti dugoročni i isprekidani režimi posta prepoznati su i istraživani kao načini prevencije i liječenja različitih oboljenja. Ovaj rad sažeto prikazuje dosadašnja saznanja o utjecaju posta na određene aspekte zdravlja (gubitak tjelesne mase i sniženje čimbenika kardiovaskularnog rizika, funkcionalnost živčanog sustava i rak). Osim pozitivnih učinaka koje ostvaruje kroz smanjenje unosa energije, ostali mehanizmi djelovanja posta na ljudski organizam nisu sa sigurnošću razjašnjeni. Različite hipoteze testiraju se na životinjskim modelima, a uključuju utjecaj na signalne putove, mehanizme zaštite stanice, poticanje autofagije, postizanje protuupalnog učinka i drugo. U istraživanjima na ljudima, različiti režimi posta pokazali su učinkovitost sličnu uobičajenoj kalorijskoj restrikciji u gubitku tjelesne mase i sniženju čimbenika kardiovaskularnog rizika. Dokazi iz animalnih studija pokazuju kako post dovodi do smanjenja kognitivnog propadanja uzrokovanog starenjem i neurodegenerativnim bolestima, kao i do poboljšanja oporavka od ozljeda živčanog sustava i antikonvulzivnog djelovanja. Post je pokazao i potencijal poboljšanja raspoloženja i pozitivno djelovanje na subjektivni dojam općeg stanja organizma. Vjeruje se da post, poput kalorijske restrikcije, može doprinijeti prevenciji određenih vrsta raka, a pokazao je i potencijal u povećanju djelotvornosti kemoterapije te zaštiti zdravih stanica od toksičnog djelovanja citostatika. Još uvijek postoji manjak velikih pouzdanih kliničkih studija o učinkovitosti različitih režima posta te je potrebno nastaviti angažirano istraživati njihove mehanizme djelovanja i optimirati režime posta u pojedinim indikacijama.

Abstract (english)

Fasting is a practice as old as the human species itself. Therefore, the human organism has developed adaptive mechanisms to periods of nutrient deprivation. These are a rarity nowadays and the incidence of metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer is constantly increasing. Rooted in religious practices , different regimes of prolonged and intermittent fasting have been recognized and explored as ways of preventing and treating various diseases. This thesis summarizes current knowledge of the effects of fasting on certain aspects of health (weight loss and decrease of cardiovascular risk factors, nervous system function and cancer). Besides the benefit it achieves by reducing energy intake, other mechanisms by which fasting affects human health are not fully clarified. Different hypotheses are being tested in animal models and include signaling pathways alterations, cellular protection mechanisms, induction of autophagy, anti-inflammatory effects and others. In human studies, different fasting regimes have been shown to be as effective as caloric restriction at weight loss and decreasing cardiovascular risk factors. Animal studies have shown fasting to be an effective way to decrease cognitive decline caused by aging and neurodegenerative disease and have demonstrated its effect on improving nervous system trauma recovery and anticonvulsive effects. Fasting has also shown potential to enhance mood and has a positive effect on the subjective impression of well-being. Fasting, as well as caloric restriction, is believed to contribute to prevention of some cancer types and has shown potential to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy and protect healthy human cells from toxic effects of cytostatic agents. There is still a shortage of major reliable clinical studies on the effectiveness of different fasting regimes and further investigation of their mechanism of action is necessary as well as optimization of fasting regimes in certain indications.

• Keywords: post; isprekidani post; zdravlje; gubitak tjelesne mase; metabolički sindrom; rak; živčani sustav
• Keywords (english): fasting; intermittent fasting; health; weight loss; metabolic syndrome; nervous system; cancer
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:368261
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-02-21 13:48:37