Pomoćne tvari s poznatim učinkom u dermalnim proizvodima

master's thesis

• Title (english): Auxiliary substances with known effect in dermal products
• Author: Josipa Knezović
• Mentor: Ivan Pepić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivan Pepić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anita Hafner (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Petra Turčić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of pharmaceutical technology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-04, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Lijekovi koji se primjenjuju na kožu uz djelatnu tvar sadrže i pomoćne tvari pri čemu pomoćne tvari čine 90% sadržaja dermalnog
lijeka. Najčešće korištene pomoćne tvari s poznatim učinkom u odobrenim dermalnim lijekovima u Republici Hrvatskoj su:
propilenglikol, lanolin, cetilni alkohol, benzalkonijev klorid, klorokrezol, parabeni, izopropilni miristat i stearilni alkanoati.
Lanolin je jedan od najstarijih emulgatora korištenih za izradu dermokozmetičkih proizvoda. Zbog sposobnosti penetracije u
duboke slojeve epidermisa koristi se u proizvodima za njegu suhe kože. Pojava alergijskog kontaktnog dermatitisa je češća u
pacijenata koji već imaju atopijski dermatitis.
Izopropilni miristat posjeduje emolijentna svojstva, a zbog dobrog prodiranja kroz kožu smatra se da može pojačati potencijalni
iritacijski učinak drugih tvari jer im poboljšava penetraciju kroz kožu.
Propilenglikol je 2018. godine proglašen alergenom godine zbog sve veće učestalosti alergijskog kontaktnog dermatitisa nakon
primjene dermokozmetičkih proizvoda namijenjenima za kožu s atopijskim dermatitisom.
Stearil heptanoat, a zbog slične strukture i ostali stearilni alkanoati, smatraju se sigurnima za korištenje u dermokozmetičkim
proizvodima.
Cetilni alkohol se smatra sigurnim za korištenje, a dermatitis koji se može pojaviti nakon korištenja kreme s cetilnim alkoholom
mogu uzrokovati nečistoće alkohola, a koje nisu detektirane analitičkim ispitivanjem kakvoće sirovine.
Benzalkonijev klorid ima ograničenu koncentraciju u proizvodima (0,1%), a jedan je od najčešćih alergena, iako zbog hidrofilne
strukture teško prodire kroz kožu.
Klorokrezol se koristi kao konzervans i unutar dopuštenih koncentracija nije čest uzročnik alergijskog kontaktnog dermatitisa.
Parabeni imaju ulogu konzervansa, slabi su senzibilizatori i iritansi kada su primjenjeni na kožu s neoštećenom barijerom. Česti su
slučajevi alergijskog kontaktnog dermatitisa, a ispituje se i njihov potencijalno štetni učinak na endokrini sustav.

Abstract (english)

The drugs we use on the skin with the active substance also contain auxiliary substances that make 90% of the dermal drug content.
The most commonly used excipients in the currently approved dermal drugs in the Republic of Croatia are: propylene glycol,
lanolin, cetyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, chlorocresol, parabens, isopropyl myristate and stearyl alkanoates.
Lanolin is one of the oldest emulsifiers used to make dermocosmetic products. Due to the penetration ability in deep layers of
epidermis it is used in dry skin care products. The appearance of allergic contact dermatitis is more common in patients who already
have atopic dermatitis.
Isopropyl myristate possesses emollient properties, and due to good penetration through the skin it is considered to potentiate the
potential irritant effect of other substances as it improves their penetration through the skin.
In 2018, propylene glycol was declared as an allergic due to more often allergic reactions. There was an increased incidence of
contact dermatitis after the use of dermocosmetic products for skin with atopic dermatitis.
Stearil heptanoate and due to its similar structure other stearyl alkanoates are considered safe for use in dermocosmetic products.
Cetyl alcohol is considered to be safe for use and dermatitis, that may occur after using cetyl alcohol creams, can cause some
inpurity in the alcohol itself, which is not detected by gas chromatography.
Benzalkonium chloride has a limited concentration in the preparations at 0.1%. It is one of the most common allergens even though
due to the hydrophilic structure it is difficult to penetrate through the skin.
Chlorocresol is used as a preservative and if used within permitted concentrations is not a common cause of allergic contact
dermatitis
Parabens have the role of preservatives, weakens sensitizers and irritants when applied to normal skin. There are frequent cases of
allergic contact dermatitis, and their potentially damaging effect on the endocrine system is examined.

• Keywords: lanolin; izopropilni miristat; propilenglikol; stearil heptanoat; etilni alkohol; benzalkonijev klorid; klorokrezol; parabeni
• Keywords (english): lanolin; isopropyl myristate; stearil heptanoate; cetyl alcohol; benzalkonium chloride; chlorocresol; parabens
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:779920
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-02-21 16:45:09