Pristupi u istraživanju biomarkera shizofrenije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Approaches in the investigation of biomarkers for schizophrenia
• Author: Ivona Divić
• Mentor: Lidija Bach-Rojecky (mentor)
• Committee member: Lidija Bach-Rojecky (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sandra Šupraha Goreta (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marijana Zovko Končić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of pharmacology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Shizofrenija je kronični psihički poremećaj karakteriziran mnoštvom simptoma koji se dijele na pozitivne (deluzije, halucinacije, nepovezan govor i paranoidne i sumanute ideje), negativne (manjak motivacije, emocionalno povlačenje i dr.) te kognitivne simptome (poteškoće s koncentracijom, učenjem i kratkotrajnim pamćenjem). Simptomi se većinom pojavljuju u adolescenciji ili ranoj odrasloj dobi. Veoma je važno identificirati oboljele u najranijim fazama poremećaja jer rana identifikacija i početak liječenja značajno poboljšava kliničke ishode liječenja. Trenutno se dijagnoza shizofrenije oslanja isključivo na subjektivnu interpretaciju kliničkih simptoma koje pokazuju oboljeli. Postoje različite teorije o nastanku patofizioloških promjena kod shizofrenije, pri čemu su neurokemijske teorije najčešće i temelje se na disfunkcijama u različitim neurotransmitorskim sustavima, posebice dopaminskom, serotoninskom i glutamatnom. Da bi se bolest mogla na vrijeme i pravilno dijagnosticirati, a ishodi liječenja učinkovito pratiti, neophodni su specifični biomarkeri. Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji biomarkeri se definiraju kao bilo koja mjera koja reflektira interakciju između biološkog sustava i potencijalnog kemijskog, biološkog ili fizikalnog štetnog čimbenika. Razvijeni su različiti laboratorijski pristupi za prepoznavanje biomarkera i njihove funkcije u patofiziologiji shizofrenije, kao što su istraživanja povezana s: neurotrofnim faktorom porijeklom iz mozga (BDNF), molekulama uključenim u upalu i funkciju imunosnog sustava, oksidativni stres i metabolizam, zatim s različitim neurokemijskim analizama, epigenetskom regulacijom i miRNA te analizom transkriptoma i proteoma. Istraživanja specifičnih biomarkera brzo napreduju, no zbog kompleksnosti same bolesti i nespecifičnosti dosadašnjih pristupa, potraga za najboljima i dalje traje.

Abstract (english)

Schizophrenia is a chronical psychiatric disorder characterized by many symptoms which are divided into positive (delusions, hallucinations, disconnected speech and paranoid and delusional ideas), negative (lack of motivation, emotional withdrawal, etc.) and cognitive symptoms (difficulty with concentrating, learning and short-term memory). Most of the symptoms occur in adolescence or early adulthood. It is very important to identify patients in the earliest stage of the disorder because early identification and initiation of treatment significantly improves the clinical outcomes of the treatment. Currently, the diagnosis of schizophrenia relies only on the subjective interpretation of the clinical symptoms displayed by patients. There are various theories of pathophysiological changes in schizophrenia, with neurochemical theories being the most common. Most of these theories focus on dysfunctions in neurotransmitter systems, especially dopamine, serotonin and gluta-mate. Specific biomarkers are required to diagnose the disease in a timely and correct manner and to effective-ly monitor treatment outcomes. According to the World Health Organization, biomarkers are any measure that reflects the interaction between a biological system and a potential chemical, biological or physical detrimental factor. Various laboratory approaches have been developed to identify biomarkers and their functions in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, such as studies related to: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), mole-cules involved in inflammation and immune system function, oxidative stress and metabolism, followed by various neurochemical analyzes, epigenetic regulation and miRNAs, and transcriptome and proteome analysis. The search for specific biomarkers is progressing rapidly, but due to the complexity of the disease itself and the unspecificity of biomarkers so far, the search for the best is still ongoing.

• Keywords: shizofrenija; biomarkeri; BDNF; neurokemija; epigenetika
• Keywords (english): schizophrenia; biomarkers; BDNF; neurochemistry; epigenetics
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:618950
• Study programme: Title: Medical biochemistry; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra medicinske biokemije i laboratorijske medicine (magistar/magistra medicinske biokemije i laboratorijske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-04-23 09:30:17