Važnost ljekarničke skrbi u prevenciji malnutricije onkoloških pacijenata tijekom kemoterapije i radioterapije

master's thesis

• Title (english): The importance of pharmaceutical care in preventing malnutrition in cancer patients during chemotherapy and radiotherapy
• Author: Danijela Antunović
• Mentor: Dubravka Vitali Čepo (mentor)
• Committee member: Dubravka Vitali Čepo (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Željka Vanić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Ortner Hadžiabdić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of food chemistry); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Rak je naziv za široku skupinu bolesti koje karakterizira nekontrolirana dioba stanica. Najčešće metode
liječenja raka su kemoterapija i radioterapija. Kemoterapija je oblik sistemske antitumorske terapije, a
sastoji od upotrebe citostatika koji se mogu davati kao jedan lijek ili kao kombinacija lijekova.
Radioterapijom se uz pomoć ionizirajućeg zračenja lokalno pogađaju promijenjene stanice. Kako takvi
načini liječenja uništavaju većinom stanice koje se brzo dijele, tako mogu djelovati i na druge, normalne
stanice u organizmu koje imaju učestale diobe i otuda proizlaze mnogi neželjeni učinci kemoterapije i/ili
radioterapije. Ovaj diplomski rad u fokus stavlja neželjene učinke koji mogu imati negativan utjecaj na
nutritivni status pacijenta, a neki od njih su: mučnina i povraćanje, dijareja, konstipacija, rane u usnoj
šupljini, kserostomija, djelomični ili potpun gubitak apetita, djelomični ili potpun gubitak osjeta okusa i
mirisa. U prevenciji i/ili ublažavanju nuspojava konvencionalne terapije raka važne su generalne i terapijske
mjere.
Prehrana i nutritivni status pacijenta važan su aspekt u onkološkoj skrbi. Prema smjernicama, preferirani
režim prehrane je onaj bogat povrćem, voćem i cjelovitim žitaricama, a dodatne mjere ovise o tome gubi li
osoba ili dobiva na tjelesnoj masi tijekom terapije. Prehrambeni režimi trebali bi biti individualizirani i
temeljeni na dokazima. Potrebe za mikronutrijentima trebaju se zadovoljiti primarno putem hrane, a
suplementacija je preporučena u slučaju dokazanog deficita. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je naglasiti ulogu
javnog ljekarnika u onkološkoj skrbi i prevenciji malnutricije.

Abstract (english)

Cancer is a large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division. The most common types of
cancer treatments are chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is a type of systemic anti-cancer
therapy that uses cytostatic agents applied individually or in combination. Radiotherapy is therapy using
ionizing radiation to affect differentiated cells. As those treatments mainly destroy fast-dividing cells, many
of the side effects of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy can be traced to damage to other, normal cells of
the body that divide rapidly. This diploma thesis puts focus on side effects that can negatively affect
patient's nutritional status and some of them are: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, mouth sores,
xerostomia, partial or complete loss of appetite, partial or complete loss of the sense of taste or smell. Both
general and therapeutic measures are important in prevention and/or management of side effects of
conventional cancer treatment.
Patient’s nutrition and nutritional status are important aspects of oncology care. According to guidelines,
preferable nutrition regimen is full of plant-based foods, fruits and whole grains, and additional measures
depend on if the person is losing or gaining weight during the cancer treatment. Nutrition regimens should
be individualized and evidence-based. Micronutrient requirements should be obtained from food and
supplementation is recommended only if certain deficiency had been demonstrated. The aim of this diploma
thesis is to emphasize the role of the pharmacist in oncology care and prevention of malnutrition.

• Keywords: rak; tumori; kemoterapija; radioterapija; dijetoterapija; dijetetske smjernice; nuspojave lijekova; dodaci prehrani; interakcije lijekova; malnutricija
• Keywords (english): cancer; tumors; chemotherapy; radiotherapy; nutrition therapy; dietary guidelines; drug side effects; dietary supplements; drug interactions; malnutrition
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:221429
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-04-23 11:08:02