Utjecaj klimatskih promjena na pojavnost plijesni na žitaricama

master's thesis

• Title (english): The impact of climate change on mold contamination of cereal crops
• Author: Katarina Zvone
• Mentor: Maja Šegvić Klarić (mentor)
• Committee member: Maja Šegvić Klarić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Daniela Jakšić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana-Marija Domijan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of microbiology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-04-08, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Znanstvenici posljednjih desetljeća ukazuju na sve izraženije klimatske promjene. Povećane razine ugljikovog dioksida, povišenje temperature na globalnoj razini i velike količine oborina imaju utjecaj na pojavu novih vrsta plijesni koje proizvode mikotoksine, kao i na povećanu kontaminaciju usjeva. Razvoj preventivnih modela za sprječavanje kontaminacije plijesnima bitni su iz gospodarskog, ali i zdravstvenog aspekta. Prikupljeni su uzorci kukuruza, pšenice i ječma iz skladišta sjeverne, istočne i središnje Hrvatske na proljeće 2021. godine. Analizom koncentracije plijesni utvrđen je statistički značajan porast srednje vrijednosti koncentracija na uzorcima kukuruza i to s područja središnje Hrvatske (1,07 x 107 CFU/g na DG-18 podlozi i 9,1 x 106 CFU/g na DRBC podlozi). Plijesni s najučestalijom pojavom su one iz roda Penicillium, Aspergillus sekcija Aspergillus i rod Fusarium (koji prevladava na kukuruzu). Također, na nekoliko uzoraka se pojavljuju plijesni iz roda Aspergillus sekcije Flavi koje su poznate po produkciji izrazito toksičnih aflatoksina. Kako bi se spriječila kontaminacija u skladištima, potrebno je osigurati dobru proizvođačku praksu (GMP). Žitarice je potrebno sušiti na način da razina vlage bude ispod razine pogodne za razvoj plijesni (aw ≤ 0,65), potrebno je spriječiti prisustvo insekata koji bi oštetili zrno i važno je omogućiti adekvatno strujanje zraka. Važno je na globalnoj razini smanjiti emisiju stakleničkih plinova kako bi se ublažile sve izraženije klimatske promjene koje nepogodno mogu utjecati na razvoj plijesni.

Abstract (english)

In the last decades scientists have been warning about negative effects of climate change. Increased carbon dioxide levels, rising global temperature and high rainfall have caused the appearance of the new types of molds which produce mycotoxin. Also, it has caused increased crop contamination. It is important to develop the models for the prevention of mold contamination in order to avoid negative impact on the economy and health. Samples of corn, wheat and barley were collected from warehouses in northern, eastern and central Croatia in the spring of 2021. The analysis of mold concentration have showed statistically significant increase in the average concentration on maize from the area of central Croatia (1,07 x 107 CFU/g on DG-18 agar and 9,1 x 106 CFU/g on DRBC agar). The most frequently detected genera included Penicillium, Aspergillus section Aspergillus and the genera Fusarium (dominant on the maize). Also, there were molds of the genera Aspergillus section Flavi on several samples which are known for the production of extremely toxic aflatoxins. Good manufacturing practice (GMP) plays an important role in prevention of growth of the molds in storages. It is important for the crop to be dried on low humidity level (aw ≤ 0,65). Also, it is important to prevent damage of the crops by insects and to ensure adequate airflow in warehouses.
Finally, efforts must be strengthened to ensure effective control of greenhouse gas emissions, otherwise it could lead to increase of climate change which has bad influence on mold growth.

• Keywords: klimatske promjene; plijesni; žitarice; mikotoksini; Penicillium; Aspergillus; Fusarium
• Keywords (english): climate change; molds; cereals; mycotoxins; Penicillium; Aspergillus; Fusarium
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:434864
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2024-04-08
• Created on: 2022-05-26 07:41:02