Bioraznolikost plijesni na žitaricama tijekom skladištenja

master's thesis

• Title (english): Biodiversity of moulds on stored cereals
• Author: Tea Škabić
• Mentor: Maja Šegvić Klarić (mentor)
• Committee member: Maja Šegvić Klarić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dubravka Vitali Čepo (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana-Marija Domijan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of microbiology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Klimatske promjene postaju sve izraženije te ispoljavaju značajan učinak na rast plijesni i produkciju mikotoksina.
Porast temperature i koncentracije ugljikovog dioksida uz promjene količine padalina vode do promjene bioraznolikosti
mikrobioma te veće kontaminacije prehrambenih namirnica. Kolonizirani usjevi predstavljaju veliku štetu
agrikulturalnom sektoru, ali i prijetnju ljudskom zdravlju.
Analizirano je 90 uzoraka žitarica iz skladišta u ožujku 2022., prikupljenih na području sjeverne, središnje i istočne
Hrvatske. Istraživanje je pokazalo najveću koncentraciju plijesni na uzorcima kukuruza iz sjeverne Hrvatske na obje
hranjive podloge (2,8 x 106 CFU/g na DG-18 agaru te 5,3 x 106 CFU/g na DRBC agaru).
Superioran rast pokazale su plijesni roda Penicillium s prosječnom zastupljenošću iznad 50%. Iduće po učestalosti bile
su plijesni roda Fusarium čiji je rast dominirao na uzorcima kukuruza. Porast plijesni roda Cladosporium, kao i kvasaca
također je u većoj mjeri bio prisutan. Iako se aflatoksini smatraju najvećom prijetnjom ljudskom zdravlju, u provedenom
istraživanju rast je plijesni roda Aspergillus sekcije Flavi zabilježen s maksimalnom učestalošću od tek 30% na uzorcima
kukuruza iz istočne Hrvatske (DG-18). Narušenost kvalitete žitarica najviše je vidljiva na uzorcima kukuruza koji se
smatraju čak neprihvatljivim za hranidbu životinja.
Briga o ispravnom sušenju te skladištenju žitarica, kao i spriječavanje nastanka rana od strane insekata, kritične su točke
životnog ciklusa žitarica. Zadržavanje kvalitete i sigurnosti žitarica može se postići osiguravanjem dobre poljoprivredne
prakse (GAP) te pomoću sustava za očuvanje sigurnosti hrane (HAACP).
Utjecaj na industrijsku emisiju plinova može biti od ključne važnosti za prevenciju rasta plijesni te očuvanje ljudskog zdravlja,
posebice uzimajući u obzir promjene koje se očekuju na razini klimatskih uvjeta.

Abstract (english)

Climate changes are becoming more pronounced and have a significant effect on mold growth and mycotoxin
production. An increase in temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide along with changes in the amount of rainfall
lead to a change in the biodiversity of the microbiome and greater contamination of foodstuffs. Colonized crops represent
a great damage to the agricultural sector, but also a threat to human health.
90 grain samples from warehouses in March 2022, collected in northern, central and eastern Croatia, were analyzed.
The research showed the highest concentration of mold on corn samples from northern Croatia on both used media (2.8
x 106 CFU/g on DG-18 agar and 5.3 x 106 CFU/g on DRBC agar).
Superior growth was shown by the mold genera Penicillium with an average frequency above 50%. Next in order of
frequency were molds of the genera Fusarium, whose growth dominated on the corn samples. The growth of molds of
the genera Cladosporium, as well as yeasts, was also present to a greater extent. Although aflatoxins are considered the
greatest threat to human health, in the present study, the growth of Aspergilli section Flavi was recorded with a maximum
frequency of only 30% on corn samples from eastern Croatia (DG-18). The impairment of grain quality is most visible
on corn samples that are considered even unacceptable for feeding animals.
Taking care of the drying and storage conditions as well as the prevention of wounding by insects, are critical points in
the life cycle of grains. Maintaining the quality and safety of grains can be achieved by ensuring Good Agricultural
Practices (GAP) and using the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HAACP).
The impact on industrial gas emissions can be of crucial importance for the prevention of mold growth and the
preservation of human health, especially taking into account the expected changes in climate conditions.

• Keywords: klimatske promjene; mikotoksini; plijesni na žitaricama; Fusarium; Aspergillus; Penicillium
• Keywords (english): climate change; mycotoxins; molds on the cereals; Fusarium; Aspergillus; Penicillium
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:825789
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-11-21 13:48:23