Title Terapijski nanosustavi na bazi lipida - čvrste lipidne nanočestice, izazovi razvoja i proizvodnje
Author Nina Raič
Mentor Biserka Cetina-Čižmek (mentor)
Committee member Marijana Erceg (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Zagreb
Defense date and country 2018, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Pharmacy Pharmacy
Abstract CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA
Svrha ovog specijalističkog rada je razraditi problematiku razvoja i industrijski aspekt terapijskih
nanosustava temeljenih na lipidima u obliku čvrstih lipidnih nanočestica (engl. solid lipid
nanoparticle, SLN). Problematika će biti razrađena unutar okvira postojećih regulatornih
smjernica i dostupne literature. Čvrste lipidne nanočestice odabrane su kao područje od velikog
interesa industrije i znanosti, te zbog činjenice da su biološki kompatibilni sustavi, imaju veliki
raspon modifikacija, i mogu se proizvesti standardnim postupcima proizvodnje u usporedbi s
ostalim oblicima terapijskih nanosustava.
MATERIJALI I METODE
Pretraživanje literature napravljeno je prema predmetu istraživanja (ključne riječi; lipid, nano
therapeutic, solid lipid nanoparticles, drug delivery), istaknutim autorima na tom području
(Müller, Shah) i časopisima (J. Control Release, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., Int. J. Pharm.).
Pretraživane su bibliografska baza podataka (PubMed) i baza podataka s cjelovitim tekstom
(Science Direct). Literatura je pretraživana od općih prema specijaliziranim člancima pri čemu
su odabrani članci relevantni za problematiku ovoga specijalističkog rada. Također rad obuhvaća
i analize godišnjih izvještaja i smjernica izdanih od strane vodećih regulatornih agencija kao što
su Europska agencija za lijekove (EMA) i američka agencija za hranu i lijekove (FDA). U radu
je korišten pojmovnik Agencije za lijekove i medicinske proizvode (HALMED) objavljen u
Zakonu o lijekovima (NN, br. 76/13.).
REZULTATI
SLN siguran su i efikasan oblik terapijskog nanosustava temeljenog na lipidima u svrhu
povećanja bioraspoloživosti slabo topljivih lijekova. Odabir prikladne metode priprave ovisi o
fizikalno-kemijskim karakteristikama lijeka i lipida, te ciljanoj veličini čestica koja se želi
postići. Sve metode priprave ovise o dva kritična procesa; nastanak emulzije i disperzija čestica u
vodenoj otopini kako bi se omogućila kristalizacija lipida i/ili lijeka. Kontrolom kritičnih
procesnih parametara kao što je temperatura, tlak i broj ciklusa može se postići ciljani profil
kakvoće SLN-a. SLN se mogu proizvesti standardnim metodama priprave bez korištenja
organskih otapala što je prednost u odnosu na druge nanosustave. Detaljna fizikalno-kemijska
karakterizacija neophodna je razvoju SLN-a s uklopljenim lijekom i postizanju fizičke stabilnosti
koloidne suspenzije nanočestica. Strukturna kompleksnost i veličina čestica čine karakterizaciju
izazovom, te zahtijeva upotrebu više komplementarnih analitičkih tehnika. Rast čestica,
formiranje gela, polimorfni prijelazi učestali su problemi koji se mogu pojaviti kod razvoja SLN
te je potrebno ispitati uvjete i okolnosti u kojima nastaju kako bi se isti izbjegli. Primjenom
koncepta kakvoće utemeljene kroz dizajn uspostavlja se sustavni pristup razvoju sustava SLNlijek
kroz razumijevanje proizvodnog postupka i proizvoda.
ZAKLJUČAK
Terapijski nanosustavi temeljeni na lipidima siguran su i efikasni oblik nosača djelatne tvari
zbog svoje biokompatibilnosti s fiziološkim sustavima. Zbog nanometarske veličine mogu lakše
proći sve važne biološke barijere raznim transcelularnim mehanizmima te dovesti lijek do mjesta
djelovanja u nepromijenjenom obliku uz smanjenje karakterističnih nuspojava koje se javljaju
primjenom standardnih oblika terapija. SLN su prva generacija terapijskih nanosustava
temeljenih na lipidima i od velikog su interesa industrije zbog jednostavnosti metoda priprave i
širokog raspona modifikacija. Ovisno o odabiru ishodnih sirovina i metode priprave SLN-a
moguće je postići trenutno ili modificirano (produljeno, odgođeno) oslobađanje lijeka iz sustava.
Abstract (english) OBJECTIVES
The objective of this paper is to elaborate problematics of development and industrial aspect of
lipid based nanotherapeutics in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles. Topic will be elaborated
within existing regulatory guidance and available literature. Solid lipid nanoparticles are chosen
as area of great industry and scientific interest and for the fact that these are biologically
compatible systems that have big span of modifications that can be produced by standard
manufacturing methods, in comparison to other types of therapeutic nanosystems.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The literature is searched by research subject (keywords; lipid, nanotherapeutic, solid lipid
nanoparticles, drug delivery), known authors in this area (Müller, Shah) and journals (J. Control
Release, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., Int. J. Pharm.).Bibliographic database (PubMed) and database
with full text (Science Direct) were researched. The literature is searched from general to
specialized articles whereby only articles that are relevant for this subject were chosen. As well,
this paper also covers analysis of annual reports and guidance published by headmost regulatory
agencies as European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Definition of terms was used as published in Medicinal Products Act (Official Gazette No.
76/13), Agency for Medicinal Products and Devices (HALMED).
RESULTS
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are safe and efficient form of lipid nanoparticles for the purpose
of bioavailability enhancement of low soluble drugs. Selection of appropriate preparation
method depends of physicochemical characteristics of drug and lipid and targeted particle size
required to achieve. All these preparation methods depend on two critical processes; emulsion
formation and particles dispersion in water solution to enable lipid or/and drug crystallization.
Control of critical process parameters like temperature, pressure and number of cycles can be
used to achieve quality target product profile of SLN. SLN can be produced by standard
manufacturing methods without use of organic solvents which is advantage to certain other
therapeutic nanosystems. Detailed physicochemical characterization is necessary in the
development of SLN with incorporated drug and to achieve physical stability of colloidal
nanoparticles suspension. Structural complexity and particle size are making characterization a
challenge; therefore multiple complementary analytical techniques are required to be employed.
Particle growth, formation of gel structures, polymorphic transitions are most common problems
to appear in SLN development therefore in order to avoid them, it is necessary to investigate
conditions and circumstances under which there occur. Employing quality by design as concept
establishes systematic approach to the development of the SLN-drug system through
understanding of manufacturing process and the final product.
CONCLUSION
Lipid nanoparticles are safe and efficient form of drug carrier due to its biocompatibility with the
physiological systems. Because of the nanometer size, these can pass through all important
biological barriers by various transcellular mechanisms and bring drug to the site of action in its
unchanged form, accompanied by reduced characteristic side effects which occur with
administration of standard forms of therapy. SLN are first generation of lipid nanoparticles and
present a great interest of industry because of simplicity of manufacturing methods and wide
span of modifications. Depending on choice of starting materials and manufacturing method of
SLN, it is possible to achieve immediate or modified (prolonged, delayed) release of drug from
the system.
Keywords
lipidne nanočestice
lipidi
terapijski nanosustavi
Keywords (english)
lipid nanoparticles
lipids
therapeutic nanosystems
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:163:884368
Study programme Title: Drug development Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate specialist Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/sveučilišna magistra razvoja lijekova (sveučilišni magistar/sveučilišna magistra razvoja lijekova)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
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Created on 2019-04-26 12:49:05