Nove psihoaktivne tvari

master's thesis

• Title (english): New psychoactive substances
• Author: Ana Salacan
• Mentor: Mila Lovrić (mentor)
• Committee member: Mila Lovrić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lidija Bach-Rojecky (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Andrea Hulina (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-10, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Medical Biochemistry

Abstract

NPS čine raznoliku i sve veću skupinu novih spojeva. Obično su derivati ili analozi otprije poznatih rekreacijskih droga
koji su proizvedeni za postizanje istog učinka, a zaobišli su zakonske propise. Unatoč općem smanjenju broja
novoidentificiranih tvari, godišnje se potvrdi približno 400 prethodno prijavljenih NPS-a. Navedeno saznanje sugerira
da mnoge tvari nakon pojavljivanja duže ostaju na tržištu i potrebno je njihovo sustavno praćenje. U ovom radu usvojena
je podjela NPS-a na četiri skupine: sintetske stimulanse, sintetske kanabinoide, sintetske halucinogene i sintetske
depresore. Pregledane su dosad zabilježene kemijske strukture i mehanizmi djelovanja; Male promjene strukture imaju
utjecaj na njihova farmakološka svojstva, čak i unutar iste skupine, što otežava predviđanje učinaka, potencije i
toksičnosti. Dostupni radovi o učincima NPS-a i smjernicama za terapiju proizašli su iz manjih studija pojedinih
slučajeva. Liječenje uglavnom uključuje praćenje kliničke slike bolesnika te simptomatsku i suportivnu terapiju.
Dostupne imunokemijske analitičke metode ciljanog probira nisu dovoljno osjetljive zbog velike strukturne raznolikosti
samih NPS-a, niti specifične zbog unakrsne reaktivnosti s drugim tvarima. U kliničkoj praksi najčešće su potrebne
specifičnije metode potvrde kao što su kromatografije spregnute s masenom spektrometrijom. Zaključno se može reći
da su glavna pitanja oko NPS-a nepoznati i nepredvidivi učinci na zdravlje ljudi, nedostatak brzog analitičkog otkrivanja
i brzina stavljanja novijih analoga na tržište kako bi se izbjeglo zakonsko ograničavanje.

Abstract (english)

NPSs make up a diverse and growing group of new compounds. They are usually derivatives or analogues of previously
known recreational drugs that have been produced to achieve the same effect and have circumvented legal regulation.
Despite a general decrease in the number of newly identified substances, approximately 400 previously notified NPS
are confinned annually. This finding suggests that many substances remain on the market longer after they appear and need to be monitored systematically. In this paper, the division of NPSs into four groups was adopted: synthetic
stimulants, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic hallucinogens, and synthetic depressants. The chemical structures and
mechanisms of action recorded so far have been reviewed. Small changes in structure have an impact on their
pharmacological properties, even within the same group, making it difficult to predict effects, potency, and toxicity.
Available papers on the effects of NPSs and guidelines for therapy have emerged from smaller case studies. Treatment
mainly includes monitoring of the patient's clinical picture and symptomatic and supportive therapy. The available
immunochemical analytical methods of targeted screening are not sufficiently sensitive due to the great structural
diversity of the NPSs themselves, nor specific due to cross-reactivity with other substances. ln clinical practice more
specific confirmation methods such as mass spectrometry coupled chromatography are most often required. In
conclusion, the main issues surrounding NPSs are the unknown and unpredictable effects on human health, the lack of
rapid analytical detection and the speed of placing newer analogues on the market to avoid legal restrictions.

• Keywords: NPS; dizajnerske droge; katinoni; SCRA; sintetski halucinogeni; sintetski opioidi; analitičke metode
• Keywords (english): NPS; designer drugs; cathinones; SCRA; synthetic hallucinogens; synthetic opioids; analytical methods
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:548113
• Study programme: Title: Medical biochemistry; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra medicinske biokemije i laboratorijske medicine (magistar/magistra medicinske biokemije i laboratorijske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Reformatted digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-02-08 11:52:58