Title Utjecaj beta-glukana na koncentraciju kolesterola u krvi Author Marija Matičević Mentor Vesna Bačić Vrca (mentor)Committee member Sanda Vladimir-Knežević (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Vesna Bačić Vrca (član povjerenstva)Committee member Srećko Marušić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2021-05-13, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Kardiovaskularne bolesti su vodeći uzrok smrtnosti u industrijskim zemljama. Ukupna
vrijednost kolesterola u serumu je direktno povezana sa pojavom srčanih bolesti i LDL
kolesterol je uključen u patogenezu aterosklerotskih promjena. Statini su lijekovi izbora za
liječenje hiperkolesterolemije koji posjeduju neosporavanu učinkovitost u smanjenju LDL
kolesterola. Otkad se uz korištenje statina povezuju nedostatak adherencije i nepodnošenje
statina pri većim dozama, postoji potreba za dodatnim načinima smanjenja kolesterola.
Topljiva vlakna beta-glukana su opisana kao lako dostupna, jeftina i relativno netoksična
nefarmakološka tvar za smanjenje kardiovaskularnog rizika smanjujući koncentraciju
kolesterola u krvi. Povećan interes za beta-glukane posljedica je njegovih bioaktivnih
svojstava te se sve više koristi kao dodatak prehrani.
Ovim radom identificirani su mogući mehanizmi djelovanja beta-glukana na snižavanje
koncentracije kolesterola u krvi te fizikalno-kemijske karakteristike beta-glukana koje su
presudne za njihov fiziološki utjecaj. Napravljen je sustavni pregled rezultata publiciranih
animalnih i kliničkih studija o utjecaju beta-glukana na koncentraciju kolesterola u krvi. U tu
svrhu pretraživana je znanstvena i stručna literatura, publikacije stručnih institucija (FDA,
EFSA). Ključne riječi za pretraživanje baze podataka (Pubmed, ScienceDirect) uključivale su
sljedeće pojmove: beta-glucan, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, lipids, LDL cholesterol,
nutraceuticals, soluble fiber.
Fiziološki učinak beta-glukana posljedica je njegove topljivosti, odnosno sposobnosti da
stvori viskoznu otopinu koja produljuje gastrično pražnjenje, smanjuje apsorpciju kolesterola
u crijevima i reapsorciju žučnih kiselina. Fizikalno-kemijska svojstva beta-glukana su
presudne za njegov pozitivan utjecaj, te obrada i podloga hrane u koju je uklopljen. Brojne
studije na životinjama i ljudima su potvrdile pozitivan učinak beta-glukana na smanjenje
kolesterola. Istraživanja su pokazala da količina beta-glukana ne mora nužno predvidjeti
njegov utjecaj na koncentraciju kolesterola, već je važnija postignuta viskoznost u crijevima.
Početne razine kolesterola u krvi i genetske predispozicije ispitanika također imaju određeni
utjecaj na smanjenje kolesterola. Iako se prehrambene navike teško mijenjaju, dugoročnije
korištenje beta-glukana imat će važnu ulogu pri davanju očekivanih rezultata.
Abstract (english) Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. The total
value of serum cholesterol is directly related to the occurrence of heart disease while LDL
cholesterol is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic changes. Statins are the drugs of
choice for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia which show an undeniable efficacy in
lowering LDL cholesterol. Since statin deficiency has been associated with a lack of
adherence and statin intolerance in higher doses, there is a need for additional ways of
lowering cholesterol. Soluble beta-glucan fibers have been described as an readily available,
inexpensive, and relatively non-toxic non-pharmacological substances for reducing
cardiovascular risk by lowering blood cholesterol levels. The increased interest in betaglucans is due to their bioactive properties and they have increasingly been used as a dietary
supplement.
This paper identifies possible mechanisms through which cholesterol-lowering beta-glucans
work and the physicochemical characteristics which are crucial for their physiological impact.
A systematic review of the results obtained in animal-related and clinical studies on the effect
of beta-glucans on blood cholesterol levels has been made. For this purpose, scientific and
expert reference books and publications of professional institutions (FDA, EFSA) have been
searched. Database search keywords (Pubmed, ScienceDirect) included the following terms:
beta-glucan, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, lipids, LDL cholesterol, nutraceuticals,
soluble fiber.
The physiological effect of beta-glucan is due to its solubility, more precisly, its ability to
create a viscous solution that prolongs gastric emptying, reduces the absorption of cholesterol
in the intestines as well as the reabsorption of bile acids. The physicochemical properties of
beta-glucans are crucial for their positive effect, as well as are the processing and substrate of
the food in which they are incorporated. Numerous studies including animals and humans
have confirmed the positive effect of beta-glucan on lowering cholesterol. Studies have shown
that the amount of beta-glucan does not necessarily predict its effect on cholesterol
concentration, but what is more important is the achieved viscosity in the intestine. Initial
blood cholesterol levels and genetic predispositions found in subjects also have some
influence on cholesterol reduction. Although eating habits are difficult to change, longer-term
use of beta-glucans will play an important role in delivering the expected results.
Keywords
beta-glukani
dislipidemija
hiperkolesterolemija
lipidi
LDL- kolesterol
nutraceutici
topiva vlakna
Keywords (english)
beta-glucans
dyslipidemia
hypercholesterolemia
lipids
LDL cholesterol
nutraceuticals
soluble fibers
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:163:609044 Study programme Title: Clinical pharmacy Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-03-17 12:57:37
