Geneza karcinoma kolona i značenje za dijagnostiku i prognozu

master's thesis

• Title (english): Genesis of colon cancer and significance for diagnosis and prognosis
• Author: Marija Halavuk
• Mentor: Karmela Barišić (mentor)
• Committee member: Karmela Barišić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Donatella Verbanac (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lidija Bach-Rojecky (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of medical biochemistry and haematology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Kolorektalni karcinom (CRC) jedan je od najčešćih zloćudnih bolesti i globalni svjetski problem.
Zajednički cilj je smanjiti pojavnost ove bolesti zbog čega su prevencija i rano otkrivanje od iznimne važnosti.
Bolest se definira kao maligni tumor epitelnih stanica sluznice kolona, a nastaje uslijed interakcija stečenih i nasljednih
genetskih promjena s vanjskim čimbenicima tijekom duljega vremenskoga perioda. Glavni mehanizmi nastanka
uključuju kromosomsku nestabilnost (CIN), mikrosatelitnu nestabilnost (MSI) te hipermetilaciju CpG otoka (CIMP).
Nakupljaju se mutacije u onkogenima (KRAS, BRAF), tumorskim supresorskim genima (APC, TP53), nastaju delecije
kromosoma (18q), disfunkcija telomera. Događaju se promjene u ekspresiji gena koji kodiraju za mitotičke kinaze
(PLK-1, AURK) te je promijenjena regulacija stanične signalizacije i diferencijacije (APC/Wnt signalni put, Ras-Raf-
MAP-kinazni put).
Učestalost od smrtnosti još uvijek je u porastu zbog čega se istražuje genetska podloge bolesti i otkrivaju novi
molekulski biljezi kako bi se olakšala dijagnostika i liječenje.
Prioritet je otkrivanje karcinoma u što ranijoj fazi pronalaženjem novih minimalno invazivnih biljega kako bi se
povećala stopa preživljavanja pacijenta.

Abstract (english)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and a global problem.
The common goal is to reduce the incidence of these disease, which is why prevention and early detection are extremely
important.
Disease is defined as a malignant tumor of the epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa, and occurs due to the interaction of
acquired and inherited genetic changes with environmental factors over a long period of time. The main mechanisms of
formation include chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI) and hypermethylation of CpG islands
(CIMP). Mutations accumulate in oncogenes (KRAS, BRAF), tumor suppressor genes (APC, TP53), occurs chromosome
deletions (18q), telomere dysfunction. Changes in the expression of genes encoding mitotic kinases (PLK-1, AURK) occur
and the regulation of cell signaling and differentiation (APC/Wnt signaling pathway, Ras-Raf-MAP-kinase pathway) is
altered.
The incidence of death is still increasing which is why the genetic underpinnings of the disease are being investigated
and new molecular biomarkers are being discovered to facilitate diagnosis and treatment.
The priority is to detect cancer at the earliest possible stage, with finding new minimally invasive biomarkers to increase
the patient's survival rate.

• Keywords: kolorektalni karcinom; genski biljezi; kromosomska nestabilnost; mikrosatelitska nestabilnost; hipermetilacija CpG otoka; dijagnostika
• Keywords (english): colorectal cancer; genetic biomarkers; chromosomal instability; microsatellite instability; hypermethylation of CpG islands; diagnostic
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:663532
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-03-25 15:39:14