Razvoj plijesni na žitaricama za vrijeme skladištenja

master's thesis

• Title (english): Mold contamination of cereal crops during storage
• Author: Lucija Tudorović
• Mentor: Maja Šegvić Klarić (mentor)
• Committee member: Maja Šegvić Klarić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Daniela Jakšić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana-Marija Domijan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of microbiology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-06-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Žitarice su široko zastupljene u prehrambenoj industriji te iz tog razloga metode njihovog uzgoja i skladištenja moraju
biti strogo kontrolirane. Podložne su razvoju plijesni od kojih neke proizvode po zdravlje opasne mikotoksine, a
klimatske promjene i njihov direktan utjecaj na okolišne faktore poput temperature, padalina i razine ugljikovog dioksida
dovest će do promjena u zastupljenosti plijesni i mikotoksina na žitaricama.
Za potrebe ovog eksperimentalnog rada prikupljeni su uzorci pšenice, kukuruza i ječma iz istočne, središnje i sjeverne
Hrvatske. Radi se o ukupno 90 uzoraka iz skladišta prikupljenih u ožujku 2021. godine kako bi se identificirale plijesni
porasle na ovim žitaricama i odredila njihova koncentracija. Nakon analize i statističke obrade podataka veća pažnja
posvećena je rodovima Penicillium, Fusarium i Aspergillus koji su najčešći kontaminanti ovih žitarica.
Rezultati su pokazali da najznačajniju koncentraciju plijesni na žitaricama pokazuju uzorci kukuruza u sve tri hrvatske
regije na podlogama MEA i DRBC (reda veličine 106 i 107). Rod Penicillium zastupljen je na svim uzorcima žitarica
dok se rod Fusarium posebno ističe na uzorcima kukuruza. Rod Aspergillus, proizvođač aflatoksina, pokazuje najveću
učestalost na uzorcima pšenice i kukuruza istočne Hrvatske.
Za adekvatno skladištenje žitarica važno je osigurati odgovarajuće uvjete temperature, vlage i razine ugljikovog dioksida
u korištenim skladištima kako ne bi došlo do prekomjerne kontaminacije i gubitaka na usjevima. Uz kontrolirane uvjete
u proizvodnji važno je podignuti svijest populacije o klimatskim promjenama, troškovima koje one donose u
poljoprivredi i tome kako će one posredno utjecati na žitarice široko zastupljene u našoj prehrani.

Abstract (english)

Cereal crops are widely spread in food industry and for that reason methods of their cultivation and storage have to be
strictly controlled. They are susceptible to mold growth and some of developed mold types have the ability to produce
mycotoxins dangerous for our health. Climate change directly influences environmental factors such as temperature,
precipitation and carbon dioxide levels which will affect representation of molds and mycotoxins in crops.
For the purpose of this experimental work, samples of wheat, maize and barley were collected form eastern, middle and
northern parts of Croatia. That includes 90 samples in total collected from storage units in March 2021 with the purpose
of identifying grown molds on these crops and determining their concentration. After the analysis and statistical data
processing more attention was given to Penicillium, Fusarium and Aspergillus species, most common contaminants of
these crops.
Results have shown that the most significant mold concentration was observed in maize samples in all three Croatian
regions on MEA and DRBC medium (orders of magnitude 106 and 107). Penicillium species was observed in all analysed
samples while Fusarium species was particularly noted in maize samples. Aspergillus species, producer of aflatoxins,
was identified most frequently in wheat and maize samples from eastern Croatian region.
For adequate storage of crops it is important to ensure proper temperature, moisture and carbon dioxide level conditions
in used facilities to escape high contamination levels and unwanted effects on crop yield. Along with controlled
conditions in manufacturing, it is important to raise awareness about climate change, expenses it will cause in agriculture
and how it will affect crops which are widely spread in our diet.

• Keywords: plijesni; žitarice; klimatske promjene; Fusarium; Penicillium; Aspergillus; mikotoksini
• Keywords (english): molds; cereal crops; climate change; Fusarium; Penicillium; Aspergillus; mycotoxins
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:496550
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2024-06-30
• Created on: 2022-07-13 13:02:25