Utjecaj koncentracije otopina natrijevog klorida na eluiranje dominantnih kationa iz umjetne morske vode

master's thesis

• Title (english): Effect of sodium chloride solutions on the elution of major cations from artificial sea water
• Author: Tomislav Tomurad
• Mentor: Tin Weitner (mentor)
• Committee member: Tin Weitner (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Gabričević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Šakić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of general and inorganic chemistry); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-07-01, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry

Abstract

Desalinizacija vode predstavlja veliku dobit za društvo iskorištavanjem postojeće nepitke vode, no ograničena je primarno zbog enormnih troškova novca i električne energije. Predtretiranje ulazne vode, uveliko utječe na kvalitetu same desalinizacije te pozitivno utječe na uloženi kapital i dobivenu efektivnost. Jedan od glavnih razloga predtretiranja ulazne vode jest mineralizacija teško topljivih soli magnezija, kalcija i stroncija čime se blokiraju membranske pore korištene za daljnju reverznu osmozu. Blokiranjem pora smanjuje se efektivnost membrane te ima negativni učinak na dugovječnost iste što rezultira većim troškovima i manjom efikasnošću. Ovim radom htjelo se utvrditi efektivnost uklanjanja dijela kationa iz ulazne vode na laboratorijskoj razini čime bi se simuliralo predtretiranje ulazne vode na industrijskoj razini. Mjerene su koncentracije magnezija, kalcija i kalija u frakcijama dobivenim eluiranjem kolone simuliranom ulaznom vodom te potom otopinom natrijevog klorida. Provedenim mjerenjima te usporedbom postotaka adsorbiranih kationa dokazano je da fosfatna ionsko-izmjenjivačka smola (K2) ima veći afinitet za katione magnezija, a manji afinitet za katione kalija i kalcija od karbonatna ionsko-izmjenjivačke smole (K1). Također, usporedbom postotaka otpuštanja kationa dokazano je da je 4.5M natrijev klorid kao eluens pogodniji za uklanjanje kationa kalija, dok je 5.5M natrijev klorid efikasniji kao eluens za uklanjanje kationa magnezija i kalcija.

Abstract (english)

Water desalination is a huge benefit by using existing non-potable water, but it is limited primarily due to the enormous cost of money and electricity. The pretreatment of the feed water greatly affects the quality of the desalination itself and has a positive effect on the invested capital and the obtained efficiency. One of the main reasons for pretreatment of feed water is the mineralization of sparingly soluble salts of magnesium, calcium and strontium thus blocking the membrane pores used for further reverse osmosis. Blocking the pores reduces the effectiveness of the membrane and has a negative effect on its longevity, which results in higher costs and lower efficiency. This paper sought to determine the effectiveness of removing part of the cation from the feed water at laboratory level, which would simulate the pretreatment of the inlet water at the industrial level. The concentrations of magnesium, calcium and potassium in the fractions obtained by elution of the column with simulated feed water and then with sodium chloride solution were measured. Measurements and comparison of the percentages of adsorbed cations showed that phosphate based ion-exchange resin (K2) has a higher affinity for magnesium cations and a lower affinity for potassium and calcium cations than carbonate based ion-exchange resin (K1). Also, by comparing the cation release percentages, 4.5M sodium chloride as eluent was shown to be more suitable for removing potassium cations, while 5.5M sodium chloride was more effective as eluent for removing magnesium and calcium cations.

• Keywords: desalinizacija vode; kromatografija ionske izmjene; aas; eluacija; natrijev klorid; demineralizacija
• Keywords (english): water desalination; ion-exchange cromatography; aas; elution; sodium chloride; demineralisation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:798862
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-08-29 08:51:24