Title Utjecaj prehrane bogate cjelovitim žitaricama na čimbenike rizika metaboličkoga sindroma Author Sandra Hrg Mentor Irena Vedrina-Dragojević (mentor)Committee member Dubravka Vitali Čepo (član povjerenstva)Committee member Irena Vedrina-Dragojević (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Donatella Verbanac (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2016, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog teorijskog rada je prikupiti znanstvene i stručne članke te na
temelju rezultata istraživanja zaključiti utjecaj komponenti cjelovitih žitarica na prevenciju
razvoja metaboličkoga sindroma odnosno rizika od razvoja dijabetesa tip 2 (T2D),
kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB) i pretilosti. Na temelju prikupljenih podataka, opisani su
mehanizmi djelovanja pojedinih sastavnica cjelovitog zrna (dijetalna vlakna, mineralne tvari,
antioksidansi) te njihovi metabolički učinci.
Materijal / ispitanici i metode: korištene su znanstvene studije in vivo na zdravim
dobrovoljcima i osobama s blagim stupnjem metaboličkoga sindroma u kojima je ispitano
djelovanje cjelovitih žitarica na prevenciju rizika od razvoja dijabetesa tipa 2 (T2D), pretilosti
te na čimbenike rizika od kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB) s osvrtom na krvni tlak,
koncentraciju lipida u plazmi, upalne markere te indeks tjelesne mase (BMI).
Rezultati: proizvodi s cjelovitim zrnom pokazuju značajno niže koncentracije glukoze u krvi
te izazivaju manje izražene kasne hipoglikemije za razliku od proizvoda s bijelim brašnom,
što predstavlja potencijalnu korist u regulaciji glukoze u krvi. Cjelovite žitarice u jutarnjem
obroku snizuju inzulinemički indeks (II), smanjuju osjećaj gladi u kasnijoj fazi nakon obroka te
unos energije u usporedbi s obrocima koji sadrže proizvode od rafiniranih žitarica. Statistički
značajno smanjenje rizika od incidenta T2D rezultirao je ≥2.0 dnevna obroka cjelovitih
žitarica. Veći unos žitarica za doručak je povezan s povećanom tjelesnom aktivnosti, većom
potrošnjom povrća, voća te mliječnih proizvoda i nižom učestalošću pušenja, konzumiranja
alkohola te hipertenzijom. Redovit unos cjelovitih žitarica značajno utječe na sniženje
vrijednosti indeksa tjelesne mase (BMI) i opsega struka. Postotak masnog tkiva u
abdominalnoj regiji te vrijednosti C-reaktivnog proteina (CRP) značajno su sniženi kod
ispitanika s ciljanim brojem dnevnih obroka cjelovitim žitaricama. S druge strane, veći unos
rafiniranih žitarica povećava koncentraciju glukoze natašte (P=0,04), povećava vrijednost
sistoličkog krvnog tlaka (P=0.05) te vrijednosti ukupnog i LDL kolesterola. Predloženi
mehanizam kojim proizvodi od cjelovitih žitarica bogatih neprobavljivim ugljikohidratima
mogu poboljšati toleranciju glukoze je fermentacija u kolonu i stvaranje kratkolančanih
masnih kiselina (SCFA), octene, propionske i maslačne kiseline.
Zaključak: prema rezultatima istraživanja unos proizvoda s cjelovitim zrnom zbog sinergije
funkcionalnih sastojaka te tendencije poboljšanja korisnih životnih navika značajno je
povezan s nižom učestalosti kroničnih bolesti odnosno metaboličkim sindromom.
Abstract (english) Aim: The aim of this paper is to do research of the impact of the components of whole grains
in preventing the development of metabolic syndrome and the risk of developing type 2
diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity. The mechanisms of action of
individual components of whole grain (dietary fiber, minerals, antioxidants) as well as their
metabolic effects are described on the basis of collected data.
Material / Patients and Methods were used in scientific studies in vivo in healthy volunteers
and people with mild degree of metabolic syndrome. The activity of whole grains was studied
in preventing the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and the risk factors of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) with regard to blood pressure, serum lipid levels, inflammatory
markers, body mass index (BMI).
Results: whole grain products show substantially lower concentrations of glucose in the
blood and cause less delayed hypoglycemia expressed in contrast to products with white
flour, which is a potential benefit in regulating blood glucose. Whole grains in the morning
meal lower insulin index (II), reduce hunger at a later stage after a meal, and energy intake
compared to diets containing products from refined grains. Statistically a significant reduction
in the risk of T2Dincident resulted in ≥2.0 daily servings of whole grains. A higher intake of
breakfast cereals is associated with increased physical activity, higher consumption of
vegetables, fruits and dairy products, and lower prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption
and hypertension. A regular intake of whole grains has a significant impact on lowering the
value of the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The percentage of fat in the
abdominal region, and the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly decreased in
patients who had a targeted number of daily servings of whole grains. On the other hand, a
higher intake of refined grains increases the FPG (P=0.04), systolic blood pressure (P=0.05),
and the values of total and LDL cholesterol. The proposed mechanism by which products of
whole grains rich in indigestible carbohydrates can improve glucose tolerance is fermentation
in the colon and the creation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetic, propionic and butyric
acid.
Conclusion: according to the research results the intake of whole grain products is
associated with significantly lower incidence of chronic diseases or metabolic syndrome due
to synergies of functional ingredients and tendencies to improve the useful life habits.
Keywords
žitarice
cjelovite žitarice
prehrana
metabolički sindrom
Keywords (english)
grains
whole grains
nutrition
metabolic syndrome
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:163:513614 Study programme Title: Phytopharmacy with dietotherapy Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2016-06-17 09:19:34
