Metode otkrivanja i kvantifikacije cirkulirajućih tumorskih stanica

master's thesis

• Title (english): Methods for detection and quantification of circulating tumor cells
• Author: Paula Popić
• Mentor: Jozsef Petrik (mentor)
• Committee member: Jozsef Petrik (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Andrea Hulina Tomašković (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anita Hafner (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of medical biochemistry and haematology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Medical Biochemistry

Abstract

Opseg istraživanja koje obuhvaća cirkulirajuće tumorske stanice (CTC) i tehnologije za njihovo otkrivanje, izolaciju i karakterizaciju, eksponencijalno raste već niz godina. CTC su stanice koje se odvajaju od primarnog tumora i ulaze u krvotok te imaju sposobnost stvaranja metastaza na udaljenim mjestima u tijelu bolesnika. Glavni ciljevi istraživanja CTC-a uključuju: (1) otkrivanje procesa metastaziranja u ranoj fazi; (2) prediktivni značaj; (3) stratifikaciju onkoloških bolesnika; (4) prognostički značaj; (5) razumijevanje biologije tumora i mehanizama rezistencije na terapiju. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je pružiti uvid u trenutne spoznaje o biologiji CTC-a te opisati istraživane metode za detekciju i kvantifikaciju CTC-a u bolesnika s karcinomom, s osvrtom na potencijalne primjene ovakvog pristupa u kliničkoj praksi. CellSearch® tehnologija je zlatni standard za detekciju i kvantifikaciju CTC-a u bolesnika s karcinomom dojke, prostate i kolorektalnim karcinomom. Ova tehnologija je za sada jedina klinički validirana od strane Agencije za hranu i lijekove Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. Princip CellSearch® tehnologije su magnetske kuglice obložene antitijelima koja prepoznaju površinski biljeg EpCAM. Ograničenje ove tehnologije je nedovoljna osjetljivost za detekciju tumorskih stanica koje ne izražavaju biljeg EpCAM. Zbog toga su razvijene nove tehnologije koje koriste različite pristupe, kao što su mikrofluidni uređaji, čipovi za hvatanje CTC-a, uređaji za in vivo hvatanje CTC-a, protočna citometrija i dr. Metode koje se baziraju na fizičkim karakteristikama stanica, poput veličine i deformabilnosti stanica, stječu sve veću popularnost jer omogućuju širu primjenu i pokazuju veliku iskoristivost u usporedbi sa CellSearch® tehnologijom. Dodatna istraživanja, validacija te standardizacija procesa su potrebni za potpunu implementaciju metoda za analizu CTC-a u kliničkoj praksi.

Abstract (english)

The field of research involving circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and technologies for their isolation, detection and characterization has been growing exponentially for years. CTCs are cells that detach from the primary tumor, enter the bloodstream, and have the ability to form metastases at distant sites in the patient's body. The main objectives of CTC research include: (1) early detection of metastasis; (2) predictive significance; (3) stratification of oncology patients; (4) prognostic significance; (5) understanding tumor biology and mechanisms of therapy resistance. The aim of this master thesis is to provide insight into current knowledge about CTC biology and to describe researched methods for the detection and quantification of CTCs in cancer patients, with a focus on the potential applications of this approach in clinical practice. The CellSearch® technology is the gold standard for the detection and quantification of CTCs in patients with breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. This technology is currently the only one approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The principle of CellSearch® technology is based on magnetic beads coated with antibodies that recognize the EpCAM surface marker. However, a limitation of this technology is its low sensitivity in detecting tumor cells that lack EpCAM expression. As a result, new technologies have been developed that utilize various approaches, such as microfluidic devices, CTC-capture chips, in vivo CTC-capture devices, flow cytometry, and more. Methods based on the physical characteristics of cells, such as size and deformability, are gaining popularity as they allow broader application and demonstrate greater efficiency compared to CellSearch® technology. Further research, validation, and process of standardization are required for the full implementation of methods for CTC analysis in clinical practice.

• Keywords: cirkulirajuće tumorske stanice; CTC; tekuća biopsija; karcinom
• Keywords (english): circulating tumor cells; CTC; liquid biopsy; carcinoma
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:867239
• Study programme: Title: Medical biochemistry - integrated undergraduate and graduate - university study; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar medicinske biokemije i laboratorijske medicine (sveučilišni magistar medicinske biokemije i laboratorijske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-10-08 11:19:37