Title Tekuća biopsija u limfomima Title (english) Liquid biopsy in lymphoma Author Ivana Matošina Mentor Marija Grdić Rajković (mentor)Committee member Marija Grdić Rajković (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Donatella Verbanac (član povjerenstva)Committee member Kristina Radić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2024, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Limfomi su maligni tumori limfocitne loze koji se prezentiraju kao tumorske mase prvenstveno u limfoidnim organima. Prema SZO klasifikaciji dijele se u dvije glavne skupine, a u svakoj skupini nalazi se niz obitelji, entiteta/tipova i podtipova s heterogenim kliničkim ishodima i kompleksnim molekularnim karakteristikama koje se mijenjaju tijekom vremena. Konvencionalne metode za dijagnozu i praćenje limfoma su invazivne i tehnički zahtjevne, a heterogenost limfoma dodatno otežava dijagnozu i odabir odgovarajuće terapije. Razvoj tekuće biopsije otvorio je nove mogućnosti za neinvazivnu dijagnostiku, prognozu i praćenje ovih složenih hematoloških maligniteta. To je neinvazivna metoda kojom se iz uzorka krvi ili neke druge tjelesne tekućine izoliraju cirkulirajuće tumorske stanice (CTC), slobodna cirkulirajuća DNA (cfDNA), egzosomi, i cirkulirajuće RNA (miRNA, lncRNA). Tekuća biopsija pruža sveobuhvatnu sliku o heterogenosti limfoma i omogućuje praćenje dinamike tumora u stvarnom vremenu. Ovaj pregledni rad istražuje trenutno stanje i budući potencijal tekuće biopsije u limfomima te ističe njezinu korist u genotipiziranju limfoma, ranom otkrivanju relapsa, procjeni odgovora na liječenje te praćenju minimalne rezidualne bolesti i klonalne evolucije. Napredne metode temeljene na PCR-u i NGS-u značajno su poboljšale osjetljivost i specifičnost testova tekuće biopsije. Cirkulirajuća tumorska DNA (ctDNA) pokazala se kao najperspektivniji i najšire primjenjivani biljeg tekuće biopsije u različitim podtipovima limfoma. MiRNA, egzosomi i lncRNA imaju sposobnost pružanja dodatnih informacija o biologiji limfoma i progresiji bolesti. CTC imaju ograničenu korisnost u većini limfoma zbog njihovog malog broja, ali potencijalno mogu pružiti informacije u leukemijskim fazama bolesti. Unatoč obećavajućim rezultatima, izazovi ostaju u standardizaciji, kliničkoj validaciji i integraciji s postojećim dijagnostičkim i prognostičkim alatima. Stoga je potrebno riješiti navedene izazove prije integracije tekuće biopsije u rutinsku kliničku praksu.
Abstract (english) Lymphomas are malignant neoplasms of lymphocyte lineage that present as tumor masses primarily involving the lymphoid organs. According to the WHO classification, they are divided into two main groups, with each group containing a range of families, entities/types and subtypes with heterogeneous clinical outcomes and complex molecular characteristics that change over time. Conventional methods for diagnosing and monitoring lymphomas are invasive and technically demanding, and the heterogeneity of lymphomas further complicates diagnosis and selection of appropriate therapy. The development of liquid biopsy has opened up new possibilities for non-invasive diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of these complex hematological malignancies. It is a non-invasive method that isolates circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), exosomes and circulating RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA) from a blood sample or other body fluid. Liquid biopsy provides a comprehensive picture of lymphoma heterogeneity and allows real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics. This review paper explores the current state and future potential of liquid biopsy in lymphomas and highlights its benefits in lymphoma genotyping, early detection of relapse, assessment of treatment response, and monitoring of minimal residual disease and clonal evolution. Advanced PCR-based and NGS-based methods have significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of liquid biopsy tests. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as the most promising and widely applicable liquid biopsy marker in various lymphoma subtypes. MiRNA, exosomes, and lncRNA have the ability to provide additional information about lymphoma biology and disease progression. CTCs have limited utility in most lymphomas due to their small numbers, but can potentially provide information in leukemic phases of the disease. Despite promising results, challenges remain in standardization, clinical validation, and integration with existing diagnostic and prognostic tools. Therefore, these challenges need to be addressed before integrating liquid biopsy into routine clinical practice.
Keywords
limfomi
tekuća biopsija
cirkulirajuća tumorska DNA
mikroRNA
biljeg
Keywords (english)
lymphoma
liquid biopsy
circulating tumor DNA
microRNA
biomarker
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:163:815749 Study programme Title: Medical biochemistry - integrated undergraduate and graduate - university study Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2024-10-15 12:38:42
