Učinkovitost i sigurnost primjene kalcija i vitamina D u kliničkoj praksi

professional thesis

• Author: Nevena Turjak Lovrić
• Mentor: Srećko Marušić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vesna Bačić Vrca (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Srećko Marušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanda Vladimir-Knežević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Kalcij i vitamin D bitni su za održavanje homeostaze koštanog sustava te je stoga neophodan
njihov pravilan unos u organizmu. Kalcij je dostupan u brojnim namirnicama, poglavito u
mliječnim proizvodima, dok se vitamin D prirodnim putem sintetizira prilikom izlaganja
sunčevim zrakama. Određena stanja organizma i bolesti, kao što su starija životna dob i
osteoporoza, zahtjevaju povećan unos kalcija i vitamina D što omogućuju suplementi. Velik
broj studija bavio se promatranjem učinka suplemenata kalcija i vitamina D na organizam pa
su se, uz njihove brojne pozitivne učinke, uočile i nuspojave koje su u pitanje dovele njihovu
sigurnost. Tako se kalciju, ali i vitaminu D koji je neophodan za apsorpciju kalcija, uz već
poznate gastrointestinalne smetnje kao što su konstipacija i nadutost, pripisuje rizik od
kardiovaskularnih bolesti te povećan rizik od nastanka bubrežnih kamenaca.
Cilj istraživanja:
Cilj rada je osvrt na znanstvene i stručne radove koji su se bavili temom suplemenata kalcija i
vitamina D, njihovim pozitivnim učincima, ali i nuspojavama.
Materijali i metode:
Pri izradi i oblikovanju ovog specijalističkog rada napravljen je sustavni retrospektivni
pregled znanstvenih i stručnih radova na temu suplemenata kalcija i vitamina D koristeći baze
podataka PubMed i Mediline, a vodeći se smijernicama National Osteoporosis Foundation.
Rezultati:
Rad daje puni pregled o kalciju i vitaminu D, njihovoj upotrebi, izvorima, preporučenim
dnevnim dozama, pozitivnim učincima i nuspojavama.
Zaključak:
Sve je veći broj bolesnika s osteoporozom, a njena se učestalost može prevenirati i
komplikacije spriječiti pravilnom upotrebom preparata kalcija i vitamina D. Niz istraživanja
ukazao je i na moguće neželjene ishode primjene preparata kalcija i vitamina D u slučaju
nepravilnog doziranja ili pogrešne indikacije za primjenu, stoga je poznavanje koristi od
nadomjesne terapije kalcijem i vitaminom D u odnosu na rizik primjene veoma važno kako bi
se osigurala najveća terapijska korist uz minimalni rizik od nuspojava.

Abstract (english)

Calcium and vitamin D are important for maintenance of homeostasis of skeletal system,
therefore it is important to ensure their correct input in the organism. Calcium is present in
many types of food, especially in dairy products, and vitamin D is naturally synthesized
during the exposure to sunlight. Certain conditions and illnesses, such as old age and
osteoporosis, require a higher input of calcium and vitamin D and this can be achieved with
supplements. Although these supplements have many benefits, studies have shown that the
effects of calcium and vitamin D supplements can also have side effects and this questions the
safety of their usage. Some of the side effects of using calcium and vitamin D, which is
essential for calcium absorption, include not only gastrointestinal disorders such as
constipation and bloating, but also a risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as a higher risk of
developing kidney stones.
Objectives:
Purpose of this research is to take a look at scientific and professional papers on Calcium and
Vitamin D supplements, their positive effects as well as their side effects.
Materials and methods:
For the purpose of this specialist thesis a systematic and retrospective overview of scientific
and professional papers on Calcium and Vitamin D supplements has been made, using
PubMed and Mediline database, also following the National Osteoporosis Foundation
guidelines.
Results:
This thesis gives a full overview of Calcium and Vitamin D, their usage, sources,
recommended daily dosage, positive effects and side effects.
Conclusion:
There is an increase in patients suffering from osteoporosis and its occurrence and effects can
be prevented with correct usage of Calcium and Vitamin D supplements. A number of
research have shown that intake of these supplements, if not taken properly, can also have
negative outcomes and for this reason it is important to know the benefits and side effects of
using these supplements in order to ensure a maximum benefit of supplements usage with a
minimum risk of side effects.

• Keywords: kalcij; vitamin D; suplementi kalcija; suplementi vitamina D
• Keywords (english): calcium; vitamin D; calcium supplements; vitamin D supplements
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:067946
• Study programme: Title: Clinical pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate specialist; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/sveučilišna magistra kliničke farmacije (sveučilišni/a magistar/sveučilišna magistra kliničke farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-05-14 14:36:57