Određivanje sadržaja i sastava eteričnog ulja kardamoma (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton)

master's thesis

• Title (english): Determination of essential oil content and composition in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton)
• Author: Lara Čiča
• Mentor: Biljana Blažeković (mentor)
• Committee member: Biljana Blažeković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Bival Štefan (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dubravka Vitali Čepo (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of pharmacognosy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-04-01, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Kardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) je aromatična, zeljasta trajnica koja pripada porodici đumbirovki (Zingiberaceae). Plodovi kardamoma cijenjeni su i naširoko korišteni kao začin i aroma u hrani i napitcima no poznato je i njihovo blagotvorno djelovanje na zdravlje. Ljekarnička droga Cardamomi fructus (Cardamomi semen) ima dugu povijest primjene u Ajurvedi, tradicionalnoj indijskoj medicini, gdje se koristi uglavnom u liječenju gastrointestinalnih i respiratornih tegoba. Ljekovito djelovanje kardamoma temelji se poglavito na sadržaju eteričnog ulja no, s obzirom da se radi o egzotičnoj i relativno skupoj biljnoj drogi te da je njeno farmakološko i kliničko djelovanje još uvijek nedovoljno istraženo, u suvremenoj europskoj fitoterapiji rijetko se koristi. U okviru ovog diplomskog rada provedena je fitokemijska analiza temeljena na određivanju sadržaja i sastava eteričnog ulja u osam komercijalno dostupnih uzoraka kardamomovog ploda s hrvatskog tržišta. Farmakopejskom metodom destilacije pomoću vodene pare utvrđeno je da uzorci biljne droge dostupni u obliku praha sadrže 4-40 mL eteričnog ulja/kg, dok je udio eteričnog ulja u in toto plodovima bio značajno viši i kretao se u rasponu 44-56 mL eteričnog ulja/kg. Analiza provedena metodom plinske kromatografije spregnute s tandemskom spektrometrijom masa (GC-MS/MS) pokazala je da su glavne sastavnice eteričnog ulja kardamoma α-terpinil acetat (35,99-62,28 %) i 1,8-cineol (0,24-30,62 %). Među ostalim manje zastupljenim spojevima ističu se α-terpineol (2,18-16,75 %), linalol (0,81-7,25 %) i sabinen (0-3,76 %). Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na značajne razlike u sadržaju i sastavu eteričnog ulja kao glavog pokazatelja kakvoće kardamomovog ploda i nositelja ljekovitog djelovanja te ističu superiorniju farmaceutsku kakvoću cjelovite droge u odnosu na onu komercijalno dostupnu u obliku praha.

Abstract (english)

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) is an aromatic, herbaceous perennial, plant belonging to the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Cardamom fruits are valued and widely used as a spice and aroma in food and beverages, but their beneficial effects on human health are also well-known. The herbal drug Cardamomi fructus (Cardamomi semen) has a long history of usage in Ayurveda, traditional Indian medicine, where it is used mainly in treating gastrointestinal and respiratory ailments. The healing effect of cardamom is based mainly on the content of essential oil, since it is an exotic and relatively expensive herbal drug and its pharmacological and clinical effects are still insufficiently researched, it is rarely used in modern phytotherapy in Europe. As part of this thesis, a phytochemical analysis based on the determination of the content and composition of essential oil in eight commercially available samples of cardamom fruit from the Croatian market was performed. The pharmacopoeial method of steam distillation showed that samples of herbal drugs available in powder form contained 4-40 mL of essential oil/kg, while the content of essential oil in in toto fruits was significantly higher and ranged from 44 to 56 mL essential oil/kg. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) showed that the main components of cardamom essential oil were α-terpinyl acetate (35.99-62.28%) and 1,8-cineole (0.24 -30.62%). Other less common components include α-terpineol (2.18-16.75%), linalool (0.81-7.25%) and sabinene (0-3.76%). The obtained results indicate significant differences in the content and composition of essential oil as the main indicator of the quality of cardamom fruit and basis of medicinal effects and also emphasize the superior pharmaceutical quality of the whole drug compared to commercially available powder.

• Keywords: kardamom; Cardamomi fructus; eterično ulje; GC-MS; α-terpinil acetat; 1; 8-cineol
• Keywords (english): cardamom; Cardamomi fructus; essential oil; GC-MS; α-terpinyl acetate; 1.8-cineole
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:154874
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2024-04-01
• Created on: 2022-04-22 11:48:53