Mogućnost primjene otpada rajčice kao nutraceutika

master's thesis

• Title (english): Possibilities of using tomato waste as a nutraceutical
• Author: Reana Radovečki
• Mentor: Dubravka Vitali Čepo (mentor)
• Committee member: Dubravka Vitali Čepo (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lovorka Vujić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana-Marija Domijan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; (Department of food chemistry); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Pharmacy; Pharmacy

Abstract

Tijekom uzgoja i industrijske prerade rajčice stvaraju se velike količine otpada koji se sastoji od kore,
sjemenki i ostataka pulpe. Ovaj otpad bogat je bioaktivnim spojevima kao što su karotenoidi (posebno likopen
i beta karoten), polifenoli i pektini koji pokazuju niz pozitivnih učinaka na zdravlje ljudi pa se stoga mogu
koristiti kao nutraceutici i/ili prirodni aditivi u farmaceutskoj ili prehrambenoj industriji za poboljšanje
organoleptičkih svojstava i kvalitete hrane. Antioksidativna svojstva, protuupalno djelovanje i
kemoprevencija najvažniji su biološki učinci polifenola i karotenoida pri čemu beta-karoten dodatno
posjeduje i aktivnost provitamina A. Djelovanje pektina povezuje se s pozitivnim učincima na zdravlje
probavnog sustava te prevencijom ateroskleroze i pretilosti, stoga je potražnja za navedenim spojevima u
konstantnom porastu. Razvojem i optimizacijom održivih procesa ekstrakcije polifenola, karotenoida i
pektina iz komine rajčice smanjio bi se trošak i ekološki otisak proizvodnje rajčice, ali i spomenutih
bioaktivnih sastavnica. Ekstrakcijske tehnike koje se u tom smislu najviše istražuju su konvencionalna
ekstrakcija vrućom razrijeđenom kiselinom za pektin, dok se za ekstrakciju polifenola i karotenoida najčešće
primjenjuju zelene ekstrakcijske tehnike kao što su ekstrakcija potpomognuta mikrovalovima te ekstrakcija
potpomognuta ultrazvukom (koje karakteriziraju veći prinosi uz primjenu netoksičnih otapala). Uvođenje i
optimizacija navedenih procesa na industrijsku razinu i pojednostavljivanje zakonske regulative vezane uz
nutraceutike i novu hranu dobivenu iz sekundarnih sirovina rezultirali bi značajnim ekonomsko-ekološkim
benefitima i značajno doprinijeli implementaciji principa kružne ekonomije u sektoru proizvodnje hrane i
dodataka prehrani.

Abstract (english)

During the cultivation and industrial processing of tomatoes, large amounts of waste consisting of peel, seeds
and pulp remains are generated. This waste is rich in bioactive compounds such as carotenoids (especially
lycopene and beta carotene), polyphenols and pectins that show a number of positive effects on human health
and can therefore be used as nutraceuticals and/or natural additives in the pharmaceutical or food industry to
improve organoleptic properties and food quality. Antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory action and
chemoprevention are the most important biological effects of polyphenols and carotenoids, with beta-carotene
also possessing provitamin A activity. The activity of pectin is associated with positive effects on health of
digestive system and prevention of atherosclerosis and obesity Therefore, the demand for these compounds
is constantly increasing. The development and optimization of sustainable processes for the extraction of
polyphenols, carotenoids and pectin from tomato pomace would reduce the cost and ecological footprint of
tomato production, as well as the aforementioned bioactive components. The most researched extraction
techniques in this regard are conventional extraction with hot dilute acid for pectin, while for the extraction
of polyphenols and carotenoids, green extraction techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction and
ultrasound-assisted extraction (which are characterized by higher yields using non-toxic solvents) are most
often used. The introduction and optimization of mentioned processes at the industrial level and the
simplification of the legal regulations related to nutraceuticals and new food obtained from secondary raw
materials would result in significant economic and environmental benefits and significantly contribute to the
implementation of the principles of the circular economy in the sector of food production and nutritional
supplements.

• Keywords: rajčica; otpad od rajčice; otpad od hrane; ekstrakcija; bioaktivni spojevi; pektin; likopen; nutraceutici; komina; kora; sjemenke; karotenoidi; beta karoten; polifenoli; nusproizvodi rajčice
• Keywords (english): tomato; tomato waste; food waste; extraction; bioactive compounds; pectin; lycopene; nutraceuticals; pomace; peel; seeds; carotenoids; beta carotene; polyphenols; tomato byproducts
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:814041
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra farmacije (magistar/magistra farmacije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-03-04 12:03:41