Fitokemijski sastav i biološki učinci biljnih antidijabetika hrvatske etnomedicine

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Phytochemical composition and biological activity of Croatian ethnomedicine antidiabetics
• Author: Kristina Bljajić
• Mentor: Marijana Zovko Končić (mentor)
• Committee member: Sanda Vladimir-Knežević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Miranda Sertić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirko Hadžija (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 615 - Pharmacology. Therapeutics. Toxicology

Abstract

Dijabetes je rastući zdravstveni problem u razvijenom svijetu. Brojni oboljeli uz konvencionalne
lijekove koji učinkovito snižavaju razinu šećera u krvi koriste i fitoterapijske pripravke. Njih, osim
u ljekarni, nerijetko nabavljaju na tržnicama. U ovom radu je provedeno istraživanje biljnih vrsta
koji se koriste kao antidijabetici u hrvatskoj etnomedicini: zelen stolisnika (Achillea millefolium),
pelina (Artemisia absinthium) i kičice (Centaurium erythraea), zatim listovi breze (Betula pendula),
bijelog duda (Morus alba), kadulje (Salvia officinalis) i borovnice (Vaccinium myrtillus), ljuski
graha (Phaseolus vulgaris) te cvijeta bazge (Sambucus nigra). U biljnom materijalu je određena
količina metala koji bi mogli pozitivno utjecati na tijek dijabetičkih promjena kao i teških metala.
Određena je i uspoređena količina različitih skupina biljnih polifenola u vodenim i etanolnim
ekstraktima, njihova antioksidativna aktivnost te inhibicija enzima -glukozidaze. Istraživanja su
pokazala da su ispitivani ekstrakti bogati različitim vrstama polifenolnih spojeva, pri čemu su
najzastupljeniji bili derivati kvercetina i kavene kiseline. Ekstrakti lista breze i lista borovnice
inhibirali su enzim -glukozidazu u jednakoj mjeri kao akarboza. Navedeni su ekstrakti pokazali i
potencijal da u hiperglikemijskim uvjetima vrate koncentraciju reduciranog glutationa na onu koja
je u Hep G2 stanicama prisutna u normoglikemijskim uvjetima. Navedeno ukazuje na značajan
antidijabetički potencijal odabranih biljnih vrsta koje se u hrvatskoj etnomedicini koriste kao
komplementarna terapija dijabetesa.

Abstract (english)

Diabetes is a chronic disease with growing prevalence worldwide. In addition to conventional
therapy, many patients use phytotherapeutic preparations for the management of diabetes. Besides
in pharmacies, those products are often purchased in city markets. In this work, a comprehensive
study of the herbal drugs used as antidiabetics in Croatian ethnomedicine was performed. The study
included areal parts of yarrow (Achillea millefolium), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and
common centaury (Centaurium erythraea), leaves of silver birch (Betula pendula), white mulberry
(Morus alba), sage (Salvia officinalis) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), as well as hulls of beans
(Phaseolus vulgaris) and elder flower (Sambucus nigra). The content of metals potentially useful in
therapy of diabetes, as well the content of heavy metals was assessed. Plant material was extracted
by ultrasonication using water and 80% ethanol as solvent. The content of different plant phenolics
in the extracts, their antioxidant activity, as well as their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, was
assessed. The results have shown that the extracts are rich in different plant polyphenols, especially
in derivatives of quercetine and caffeic acid. The extracts of birch and bilberry leaf inhibited α-
glucosidase statistically equal to acarbose. Furthermore, they were able to normalize the reduced
glutathione concentration in Hep G2 cells subjected to glucose-induced oxidative stress. All the
above indicates a significant potential of the selected plant species as complementary therapy of
diabetes.

• Keywords: antioksidativna aktivnost; inhibicija alfa-glukozidaze; glutation; polifenoli; teški metali
• Keywords (english): alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity; antioxidant activity; glutathione; polyphenols; heavy metals
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:163:457755
• Study programme: Title: Pharmacy and biochemistry; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor znanosti (doktor znanosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-11 08:00:02