Inflammation is a normal protective response that defends the host from infection and other damages. However, inflammatory processes are also associated with numerous severe disorders. Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase are enzymes involved in the pro-inflammatory response and regulation of inflammation and therefore represent interesting drug targets. The aim of this research was to analyze anti-inflammatory characteritics of the previously isolated natural constituents, as well as to develop a method for isolation of compounds from the bark and wood of staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina L.) and test some obtained fractions for their COX-1 and 5-LOX inhibition. The main methanolic fraction and certain sub-fractions obtained from the bark and wood of staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina L.) showed excellent inhibitory effect on the activity of COX-1. For that reason, we can conclude that compounds from this plant could be valuable new anti-inflammatory agents and recommend their further investigation in order to isolate the constituents which possess the inhibitory activity. Most of the previously isolated natural compounds tested for the 5-LOX inhibition compounds did not significantly inhibit the enzyme. However, diplacone and cudraflavone B were recognised for the inhibition of 5-LOX and the conclusion is that they might contribute to important task of the pharmacological intervention with 5-LOX product formation.