Title Priprava čvrstih disperzija za kontrolirano oslobađanje lijeka metodom sušenja raspršivanjem
Title (english) Preparation of solid dispersions for controlled drug release via spray drying
Author Marjana Dürrigl
Mentor Jelena Filipović-Grčić (mentor)
Committee member Mira Bećirević-Laćan (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Jelena Filipović-Grčić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Biserka Cetina Čižmek (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Zagreb
Defense date and country 2011-06-30, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Pharmacy Pharmacy
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 615 - Pharmacology. Therapeutics. Toxicology
Abstract Za potrebe rada pripravljene su i karakterizirane poli(met)akrilne mikročestice s uklopljenim mupirocin
kalcijem primjenom tehnike sušenja raspršivanjem. Istraženi su utjecaji omjera lijeka i polimera (5 : 1, 2 : 1, 1 :
1, 1 : 2, 1 : 5, m/m), ulazne temperature (70 – 110 °C), koncentracije otopine za raspršivanje (1%-5%, m/m),
otapala za pripravu otopine za raspršivanje te fizičkih oblika polimera na učinkovitost uklapanja lijeka u
mikročestice, iskorištenje procesa, brzinu oslobađanja lijeka iz mikročestica, morfologiju i veličinu čestica te
svojstva čvrstog stanja i fizičku stabilnost. Veličina čestica analizirane je metodom difrakcije laserske zrake pri
niskom kutu, a morfologija primjenom elektronskog mikroskopa. Svojstva čvrstog stanja određena su
primjenom rendgenske difrakcije, modulirane diferencijalne pretražne kalorimetrije i termogravimetrije te
Fourier transformirane infracrvene i Ramanove spektroskopije. Kinetika oslobađanja lijeka iz mikročestica
analizirana je pomoću monoeksponencijalnih i bieksponencijalnih matematičkih modela. Ispitana je
antimikrobna djelotvornost mikročestica na sojevima Staphyloccocus aureus radi potvrde funkcionalnosti
pripravljenih mikročestica kojima se postiže najpovoljnije in vitro oslobađanje lijeka.
Najuspješnije kontrolirano oslobađanje ostvareno je za uzorke s povećanim udjelom lijeka (omjer lijeka i
polimera 2 : 1, m/m), pripravljenim pri povišenim ulaznim temperaturama (100 – 110 °C) ili iz otopina sa
sniženom koncentracijom otopine za raspršivanje (<4%, m/m). Kontrolirano oslobađanje lijeka ostvareno je i
za mikročestice izrađene iz različitih otapala sljedećim redoslijedom: metanol = metanol-etanol (50 : 50, m/m)
> aceton-izopropanol (40 : 60, m/m). Mikročestice izrađene iz različitih otapala bile su fizički stabilne tijekom
deset mjeseci, bez znatnijih promjena u načinu oslobađanja lijeka. Antimikrobna djelotvornost lijeka
oslobođenoga iz mikročestica pokazao da je lijek sačuvao svoju aktivnost i nakon procesa mikrokapsuliranja.
Također, usporeno oslobađanje lijeka potvrđeno je studijama dinamike uginuća na S. aureus (ATCC 29213) i
na meticilin-rezistentnom soju S. aureus (MRSA).
Općenito, početna zasićenost lijeka/polimer u otopini, kao i ulazna temperatura i uporabljena otapala
upravljaju procesom očvršćivanja tijekom sušenja kapljice te, posljedično, morfologijom mikročestica i
načinom oslobađanja lijeka. Procesom sušenja raspršivanjem iz otopine lijeka i polimera nastaju amorfne
čvrste disperzije. Ovisno o omjeru lijeka i polimera, one su čvrste otopine ili kombinacije čvrste otopine i
amorfnih nakupina lijeka. Kontrolirano oslobađanje lijeka ostvareno je samo iz amorfnih čvrstih otopina, uz
preduvjet da je polimerni matriks nastao kasnije u procesu sušenja, nakon dovoljnog sažimanja kapljice i
stvaranja gušćega polimernog matriksa.
Abstract (english) Mupirocin calcium-loaded poly(meth)acrylic-based microparticles were prepared using spray drying
technique. The influence of drug:polymer ratio (5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, w/w), inlet temperature (70 - 110°C),
feed concentration (1%-5%, w/w), feed solvent and physical forms of the polymer on drug encapsulation,
yield, in vitro drug release, morphology, particle size and solid state properties of the microparticles were
investigated. Morphology and particle size were determined using low-angle laser light scattering and
scanning electron microscopy. Profound solid state characterization of the microparticles was conducted
using X-ray powder analysis (XRPD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), modulated differential scanning
calorimetry (MDSC), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fourier transformed Raman
spectroscopy (FT Raman). Mathematical modelling (monoexponential and biexponential equations) was
applied to characterize drug release kinetics. In addition, a time-kill assay was performed using S. aureus
(ATCC 29213) and clinically isolated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains at two concentrations in
order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of microsystems.
The best control over mupirocin release was achieved for 2:1, w/w drug:polymer ratio and found to be
strongly process-dependant. The increased feed concentration (>4%) resulted in higher burst release due to
looser matrix formation, whereas increased inlet temperature (≥100°C) reduced burst release since formation
of polymer matrices was enhanced by higher molecular mobility and lower solvent residues. The superior
control of drug release from microparticles was achieved with a 2:1, w/w drug:polymer ratio using solvents in
the following order: methanol ≈ methanol:ethanol (50:50, w/w) > isopropanol:acetone (40:60, w/w).
The physical aging of the solid dispersion after ten months of storage had negligible impact on the
microparticle performance. Moreover, a time-kill assay performed on S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and methicillinresistant
S. aureus (MRSA) confirmed a prolonged release and preservation of antimicrobial activity of
encapsulated drug. In general, variations of initial saturation of drug/polymer, inlet temperature or solvent
used, were recognised as efficient tools to modulate the formation of proper polymer matrices. Drug loading
solely is not a sufficient and reliable predictor of drug release pattern and should be evaluated in conjunction
with corresponding processing parameters. Complete encapsulation of drug was achieved in all
microparticles prepared from feed solution. Solid dispersions are frequently generated in the spray drying
process. The obtained solid dispersions are either solid solutions or inhomogeneous solid dispersions
containing amorphous drug clusters depending on the drug:polymer ratio. Controlled drug release was
achieved from amorphous solid solutions only if well-formed (denser) polymer matrix was generated later in
drying process (which could be tailored via appropriate spray drying processing).
Keywords
sušenje raspršivanjem
čvrste disperzije
kontrolirano oslobađanje lijeka
stabilnost
antimikrobna djelotvornost
svojstva čvrstog stanja
Keywords (english)
spray drying
solid dispersions
controlled drug release
stability
antimicrobial activity
solid state properties
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:163:235065
Study programme Title: Pharmacy and biochemistry Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor znanosti (doktor znanosti)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2016-12-01 14:29:45